Butterfly watching and Birdwatching in Manado city

A few days ago I guided Carolyn, a visitor from the United States on a butterfly watching and birding tour in Manado city of North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. We started at around 10:00 in the morning by walking along the farm forest that was filled with coconut trees, lime trees, aren trees and a lot of other tropical plants that grow along the side of a small stream. We saw various species of butterflies and birds.

Ideopsis vitrea

For butterflies, there were The Clipper (Parthenos sylvia), Lime Swallowtail (Papilio demoleus), Common Birdwing (Troides helena), Blanchard's Ghost (Idea blanchardii), Blanchard's Tree Nymph (Ideopsis vitrea), Celebes-banded Swallowtail (Papilio gigon), Australian Lurcher (Yoma sabina nimbus), Brown Pansy (Junonia hedonia), and Pale Blue Tit (Hypolycaena sipylus). There were some other butterflies which I could not identify. 

Papilio gigon

Birding Walk

We also watched some birds such as: Sulawesi Crow (Corvus celebensis), Sahul Sunbird (Cynniris frenatus), a juvenile Crimson Sunbird (Aethopyga siparaja), Pacific Swallow (Hirundo tahitica), Pale Blue Monarch (Hyphothymis puella), White-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus), Glossy Swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta), Sulawesi Hanging Parrot (Loriculus stigmatus), Barred Rail (Galliralus torquatus), Hair-crested (White-eyed) Drongo - (Dicrurus hottentottus leucops), Gray-sided Flowerpecker (Dicaeum celebicum), Yellow-sided Flowerpecker (Dicaeum aureolimbatum).

Pacific Swallow

Sahul Sunbird

I brought my bridge camera, the Fujifilm HS50EXR. With this old photographic device, I could take some pictures of birds and butterflies. 

Yellow-sided Flowerpecker

At around 13:30, heavy rain started to cover the butterfly watching site. We could not continue our activity and had to return to Sam Ratulangi Airport. There, I said Good Bye to Carolyn. She would fly to Singapore by Scoot Air and then continue her trip to back to the United States. 

Also read:

• Manado City Tour
• Birdwatching Tour At The Outskirts of Manado City
• Nature Tour Around Manado City
• Butterflywatching in Sonder town of Minahasa Highland
• Butterfly watching in Minahasa Highland

BUTTERFLY WATCHING AND BIRDING TOUR IN SONDER TOWN OF MINAHASA HIGHLAND

The Subdistrict town of Sonder in Minahasa highland is a recommended destination for visitors who are interested in watching butterflies, and birds of Sulawesi especially those that live in higher elevation forest. 

Manado Yellow Tiger (Parantica menadensis)

The farmland and forest around Sonder town is the habitat of a lot of species of butterflies and birds. If we walk around the agricultural land, we will be able to see such butterflies as Lime Swallowtail, Common Birdwing, Manado Yellow Tiger, Blanchard's Ghost, The Clipper, Celebes Leafwing, and a lot more. Butterflies like to gather in flowering plants to collect their nectar. Visitors could see a lot of flowering plants in Subdistrict Sonder. 

Yellow-billed Malkoha in the Tounelet slope forest of Sonder town

Birdwatching is another interesting activity which visitors can enjoy while exploring the farmland, rice paddy and forest of Sonder town. A lot of birds could be watched using binoculars and spotting scope. Some of them are listed below.

Crimson Sunbird

• Black-crowned White-eye
• Warbling White-eye (also called Japanese White-eye)
• Hair-crested Drongo
• Sulawesi Drongo
• Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker, 
• Sulawesi Hanging Parrot
• Pygmy Hanging Parrot
• Sulawesi Crow
• Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher
• Sulawesi Myzomela
• Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker
• Yellow-sided Flowerpecker
• Gray-sided Flowerpecker
• Green Imperial Pigeon
• Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove
• Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon
• Zebra Dove
• Sooty-headed Bulbul
• Scaly-breasted Munia
• Chestnut Munia
• Black-faced Munia
• Little Egret
• Cattle Egret
• Cinnamon Bittern
• Buff-banded Rail
• Barred Rail
• Isabelline Bush-hen
• White-breasted Woodswallow
• Sulawesi Myna
• Finch-billed Myna
• Sahul Sunbird
• Black Sunbird
• Brown-throated Sunbird
• Crimson Sumbird
• Sulawesi Scops Owl
• Yellow-billed Malkoha
• and etc.

Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker in Tounelet Slope Forest of Sonder town

Where is Sonder? And How to go there?

Sonder is a small subdistrict town in Minahasa regency of Indonesia. 

• To reach it, visitors need to fly from their own countries to one of the major cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Denpasar, Surabaya, Makassar, Balikpapan, Sorong and Ternate. After that they could continue their trip to Manado city by taking a domestic flight served by Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, SuperAirjet, TransNusa, Wings Air. It takes around 1 hour by car from the Sam Ratulangi International airport of Manado city to Sonder town.
• Visitors could also take a direct flight from Singapore to Manado city by Scoot Air.
• There are direct flights between Guangzhou in China and Manado city served by TransNusa and China Southern Airlines. 

Flight routes between Manado city and some major cities in Indonesia

Car route from Manado city to Tomohon town and Sonder town and from Manado city to Tangkoko Nature Reserve

If you are interested in taking a butterfly watching and birding tour both in the suburb of Manado city and in Sonder town of Minahasa highland, please, contact us by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Also read:

• Sonder Bird
• Birding in Sonder of Minahasa Highland
• Hiking and Birdwatching in Sonder of Minahasa Highland

Sonder Bird

Sonder town in Minahasa highland has increasingly become another destination for visitors who are interested in hiking, watching birds of Sulawesi and sightseeing. Birds that could be watched include:

• Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker (Dicaeum nehrkorni)
• Sulawesi Myzomela (Myzomela chloroptera)
• Crimson Sunbird (Aethopyga siparaja)
• Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis omissus)
• Snowy-browed Flycatcher (Ficedula hyperythra)
• Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos temmincki)
• Citrine Canary- Flycatcher (Culicicapa helianthea)
• Japanese White-eye (also called: Warbling White-eye)
• Sulawesi Bush Warbler
• Sulawesi Drongo
• Black-faced Munia
• Black Kite
• Lesser Fish Eagle
• Sulawesi Goshawk
• and etc.

Sulawesi Scops Owl in Subdistrict Sonder

Birds that live in lower montane forest of Sulawesi could also be seen in Sonder. The slope of Tounelet behind Siloam Hospital is still covered by a small forest. It is the natural habitat of such birds as:

• Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon
• Black-naped Oriole
• Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove
• Zebra Dove
• Hair-crested Drongo (white-eyed)
• Gray-sided Flowerpecker
• Yellow-sided Flowerpecker
• Yellow-billed Malkoha
• Pale Blue Monarch
• Sahul Sunbird. 

Crimson Sunbird

The outskirts of Sonder town is mostly covered by farm forest that is the habitat of

• Finch-billed Myna
• White-breasted Woodswallow
• Collared Kingfisher
• Black-billed Koel
• Sulawesi Cicadabird
• Green Imperial Pigeon
• Brown-throated Sunbird
• Ashy Woodpecker
• Sulawesi Crow
• Sulawesi Myna, and etc.

Barred Rail

In paddy field areas of Sonder, we could see:

• Barred Rail
• Buff-banded Rail
• Scaly-breasted Munia
• Chestnut Munia
• Isabelline Bush-hen
• White-browed Crake
• Cinnamon Bittern
• and etc.

Birding Equipment

To watch birds, visitors need to bring a good pair of 8×42 mm, 10×42 mm or 10 × 50 mm binoculars. Famous brands such as Nikon Monarch, Swarovski, Leica are highly recommended. As a guide, I also bring a spotting scope for everyone to share the image of birds that sit on a branch of a distant tree. 

Sulawesi Hanging Parrot

Where is Sonder?

Sonder is a small subdistrict town in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. The capital of the province is Manado city. It is surrounded by hills, rivers and valleys. Visitors who want to visit Sonder town can go by car from Manado city for 1 hour. 

Sonder town

Flight routes to Manado city

Car route from Manado city to Tomohon and Sonder in Minahasa highland

Extending Your Birding Tour

This birding trip in Subdistrict Sonder of Minahasa highland can be extended to longer trips to other birding sites in the same region of North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. The tour plan for the extended tour is described in the following itinerary:

Birding in North Sulawesi

• Day 1

Arriving in Manado city. Lake Linow of Lahendong village.

• Day 2

Birding in Mount Mahawu, and Sonder's Farm Forest.

• Day 3

Birding in Mount Mahawu, Tincep's waterfall and rice field.

• Day 4

Transfer to Tangkoko Nature Reserve. Birding in Temboan Hill

• Day 5

Birding inside Tangkoko forest

• Day 6 

Birding in Naun River

• Day 7

Birding in Temboan, transfer to Manado, check into hotel. Birding at the outskirts of Manado city.

• Day 8 

Transfer to airport.

How to get there?

Forign visitors need to fly from their country to Singapore. There are regular flight service from Scoot Air between Singapore and Manado city. There are also flights between Guangzhou of China and Manado city of Indonesia.

For foreign visitors who fly to Jakarta or Denpasar of Bali, they could take domestic flights provided by such airlines in Indonesia as Garuda, Batik, SuperAirjet, Citilink and Sriwijaya Air. 

Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon

Where to stay?

There are basic homestays in Sonder town. Visitors who look for more comfortable rooms can stay in hotels in Tomohon town which visitors can choose to stay. 

The birding tour in Sonder can be combined with avifauna tour in Mount Mahawu, Lake Linow and Tangkoko National Park. The duration of this tour is approximately 1 week. 

Booking

If you are interested in taking a birding tour in Sonder and other parts of Minahasa Peninsula and want us to organize your trip, please, contact us by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Also read:

• Birding in Sonder of Minahasa Highland
• Birding in Mount Mahawu, Lake Linow and Sonder's Farm Forest
• Nature Tour in Manado city
• Birding and Sightseeing Tour from Manado City

Japanese White-eye

Here is the picture of Japanese White Eye bird that I saw in Minahasa highland of North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. It is only a small but beautiful bird.  

The Japanese White-eye, also known by its scientific name Zosterops japonicus, is a small bird native to East Asia. It has a greenish upper body, a yellow throat and chest, and a distinctive white ring around its eyes. This white eye-ring gives the bird its name. The species is also commonly called the Mejiro in Japan.

Japanese White-eye (now called Warbling White-eye)

Japanese White-eyes are small and agile. They typically measure around 10 to 12 centimeters in length. Their diet includes insects, nectar, and various fruits. They use their sharp beaks to feed on soft fruits and to catch small insects. These birds are active and often move quickly through trees and bushes in search of food.

The Japanese White-eye is known for its pleasant and soft calls. It is a social bird that often forms small flocks, especially outside of the breeding season. During breeding, pairs build small cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs. The female usually lays two to five eggs. Both parents help in feeding the chicks after they hatch.

These birds are adaptable and can live in various habitats. They are found in forests, gardens, and even urban parks. Because of their attractive appearance and singing, they have sometimes been kept as pets in the past.

Warbling White-eye

The Japanese White-eye has been introduced to other parts of the world, including Hawaii and some Pacific islands. In some areas, it has become invasive and may compete with native birds for food and nesting space.

In its native range, the Japanese White-eye plays a role in pollination and seed dispersal, especially in forest ecosystems. It is considered a species of least concern in terms of conservation status. However, changes in habitat and competition with other species can still affect local populations.

If you are interested in watching and photographing Japanese White-eye bird in Minahasa highland as well as a lot of other species of tropical birds of Sulawesi island, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

• Birdwatching and Photo Tour at the Outskirts of Manado city
• Sulawesi Myzomela
• Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher
• Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker
• Bird Photography Tour in Tangkoko Nature Reserve and Minahasa Highland
• Birding Tour from Manado City

The Sulawesi-crested Myna: A Charismatic Bird of Indonesia’s Celebes Island

The Sulawesi-crested Myna (Basilornis celebensis) is a striking and charismatic bird species endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. With its glossy black plumage, bright yellow facial skin, and a prominent crest of feathers atop its head, this bird is both beautiful and unmistakable in appearance. Known for its intelligence, loud calls, and adaptability, the Sulawesi-crested Myna is an important part of the island’s unique biodiversity.

Sulawesi-crested Myna

Habitat and Distribution

This species is found across northern, central, and eastern parts of Sulawesi, as well as on some nearby smaller islands. It prefers lowland and hill forests but is also seen in secondary growth, plantations, and sometimes near human settlements. Its ability to live in disturbed habitats shows a level of resilience, although deforestation still poses a threat to its long-term survival.

Physical Characteristics

The Sulawesi-crested Myna measures about 25–28 centimeters in length. Its jet-black feathers have a metallic sheen, especially in sunlight, and its most distinctive feature is the crest – a stylish bunch of feathers that gives the bird a regal appearance. The bird’s bare yellow-orange facial skin and pale blue eyes add to its striking look. Both males and females appear similar in plumage.

Behavior and Diet

These mynas are social birds, often seen in small groups. They are omnivorous and feed on fruits, insects, and small animals. Their strong beak helps them forage efficiently in various environments. Like other members of the starling family, Sulawesi-crested Mynas are excellent mimics and vocal communicators, with a wide range of calls, whistles, and chatter.

Conservation Status

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Sulawesi-crested Myna is currently listed as a species of "Least Concern." However, habitat loss due to logging, agriculture, and development continues to impact forest ecosystems across Sulawesi. Conservation efforts that protect native forests will benefit this species and countless others that share its habitat.

Birdwatching and photography tour in Sonder farm forest of Minahasa highland

Ecotourism, Birdwatching and Photography Tour

For birdwatchers and nature lovers, Sulawesi offers incredible opportunities to see endemic species like the Sulawesi-crested Myna. Destinations such as Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, and Lore Lindu National Park, Mount Mahawu, Sonder's Farm Forest are among the best places to observe endemic birds of Sulawesi in the wild.

Some birds in Minahasa Peninsula of North Sulawesi

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Conclusion

The Sulawesi-crested Myna is more than just a beautiful bird—it is a symbol of the rich natural heritage of Sulawesi. With its unique appearance and engaging behavior, it captures the attention of all who encounter it. Protecting the forests of Sulawesi is key to ensuring this fascinating bird continues to thrive for generations to come.

Related Posts:

• Birding in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland of North Sulawesi Province
• Wildlife Watching in Tangkoko Nature Reserve and Minahasa Highland
• Farmland Tour in Sonder town of Minahasa Highland

Sulawesi Pitta (Erythropitta celebensis)

 Jewel of Sulawesi’s Forest Floor

The Sulawesi Pitta (Erythropitta celebensis) is a vibrant and elusive bird species endemic to the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Belonging to the family Pittidae, it is renowned for its striking plumage, secretive behavior, and ecological importance in tropical rainforest habitats.

Sulawesi Pitta

Physical Description

The Sulawesi Pitta is a small, stout-bodied bird measuring about 17 to 19 centimeters in length. It displays a breathtaking mix of colors: a deep crimson belly and vent, contrasting with a dark blue to purplish breast and flanks. The upperparts are typically greenish with a darker crown and nape, while a thin, pale supercilium (eyebrow line) adds to its distinguished appearance. Its legs are pinkish, and the beak is relatively short and strong—ideal for digging through leaf litter.

Habitat and Distribution

This pitta is endemic to Sulawesi, meaning it is found nowhere else on Earth. It inhabits lowland and lower montane forests, usually up to 1,200 meters above sea level. The bird prefers dense, humid environments with thick undergrowth, where it can forage discreetly. It is most often found in primary and mature secondary forests, although it can sometimes adapt to degraded habitats with sufficient ground cover.

Behavior and Ecology

Like most pittas, the Sulawesi Pitta is terrestrial and shy, often staying close to the forest floor. It forages by hopping quietly through the undergrowth, feeding on insects, earthworms, snails, and other invertebrates. Its cryptic behavior and preference for shadowy forest interiors make it difficult to observe.

This species is primarily solitary or found in pairs, and its call—a sharp, high-pitched whistle—is often the only sign of its presence. Breeding biology remains poorly documented, but, like other pittas, it likely nests in a dome-shaped structure on or near the ground, laying a small clutch of eggs.

Conservation Status

According to the IUCN Red List, the Sulawesi Pitta is currently classified as Least Concern (LC). However, its population is thought to be decreasing due to ongoing deforestation and habitat fragmentation on Sulawesi. The bird’s dependence on intact forest ecosystems makes it vulnerable to logging, agricultural expansion, and infrastructure development.

Importance and Observation

The Sulawesi Pitta is one of the many unique birds that make Sulawesi a biodiversity hotspot. It is particularly attractive to birdwatchers and ecotourists, contributing to local ecotourism industries in protected areas such as Lore Lindu National Park and Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park.

Conclusion

The Sulawesi Pitta stands as a symbol of Sulawesi’s rich and irreplaceable natural heritage. While not yet endangered, its future depends on effective forest conservation and sustainable land use practices. Protecting its habitat will not only safeguard this jewel-toned bird but also countless other species sharing its forest home.

Also read:

• Birdwatching Tour at the Outskirts of Manado city
• Zebra Dove in Sonder Farm Forest
• Birding in Sonder of Minahasa Highland
• Hiking Tour and Birdwatching Around Sonder Town
• Butterfly watching in Sonder town
• Farmland Tour in Sonder Town

Sulawesi Bear Cuscus

Sulawesi Bear Cuscus: A Rare and Mysterious Marsupial of Indonesia

The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus (Ailurops ursinus) is a unique and little-known marsupial endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. As a member of the Phalangeridae family, it is part of the possum group, although its appearance and behavior are quite distinct. Named for its thick fur and somewhat bear-like appearance, the Sulawesi Bear Cuscus is an important species in the region's tropical forest ecosystem.

Sulawesi Bear Cuscus

Physical Characteristics

The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus has a robust body covered in thick, dark brown or greyish fur that helps protect it from the humid, wet environment of the rainforest. Adults typically weigh between 5 and 7 kilograms and have strong limbs with sharp claws adapted for climbing. Its prehensile tail acts as a fifth limb, giving it excellent balance and grip as it moves among the trees.
Despite being called a "bear" cuscus, it is not related to bears. The name comes from its sturdy build and slow, deliberate movements which are reminiscent of a bear.
Habitat and Range
This marsupial is found in the lowland and montane rainforests of Sulawesi and some nearby smaller islands such as Buton and Muna. It is strictly arboreal, meaning it lives almost exclusively in trees. The dense canopy of the tropical rainforest provides food, shelter, and protection from predators.
Behavior and Diet
The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus is a diurnal and folivorous animal, meaning it is active during the day and primarily feeds on leaves, though it may also eat fruits and flowers. It spends most of its time foraging slowly among the branches.
Known for being solitary and shy, this species is not often seen by humans. When threatened, it can emit a strong musky odor as a defense mechanism.

Sulawesi Bear Cuscus

Reproduction
Very little is known about the reproductive habits of the Sulawesi Bear Cuscus due to its elusive nature. Like other marsupials, females possess a pouch where the young continue to develop after birth. Usually, only one offspring is born at a time.
Conservation Status
The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus is currently listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Major threats to its survival include:
Deforestation for agriculture, logging, and mining.
Hunting and poaching, sometimes for the pet trade or traditional medicine.
Habitat fragmentation, which limits its range and reduces genetic diversity.
Conservation efforts are needed to protect the remaining forest habitats and educate local communities about the ecological role of this species.
Ecological Importance
As a folivore, the Sulawesi Bear Cuscus plays a role in regulating plant growth and dispersing seeds. It is part of the intricate food web of Sulawesi’s unique biodiversity, which includes other endemic species like the anoa, babirusa, and maleo bird.
Final Thoughts
The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus is a symbol of Sulawesi’s extraordinary and often overlooked biodiversity. As development and deforestation continue to threaten its habitat, increased research, conservation initiatives, and ecotourism awareness are essential to ensure this rare marsupial remains part of Indonesia’s natural heritage.

Also read:

• Wildlife Watching and Photography Tour in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland
• Birding in Tangkoko, Mount Mahawu and Sonder's Farm Forest
• Birds of Sulawesi

Sulawesi Myzomela

The Sulawesi Myzomela: A Hidden Gem of Indonesia’s Avian Biodiversity

 

Sulawesi Myzomela was feeding on nectar of flowers

The Sulawesi Myzomela (Myzomela chloroptera) is a striking yet little-known bird species endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Belonging to the Meliphagidae family, commonly known as honeyeaters, this small bird plays a vital ecological role in the island's unique habitats. Its vibrant appearance and specialized feeding habits make it a fascinating subject for ornithologists and birdwatchers alike.

Sulawesi Myzomela in Sonder's Farm Road

Appearance and Identification

The Sulawesi Myzomela is a small, agile bird with a body length of approximately 11–13 cm. The male is typically more vividly colored, with bright crimson or scarlet plumage on the head and chest, contrasting with its darker wings and back. The female is usually duller, with more subdued red or reddish-olive tones. Both sexes have slightly decurved, slender bills—adaptations suited for nectar feeding.

Its energetic behavior, fast flight, and preference for the upper canopy often make it a challenge to spot, but its sharp, high-pitched calls can give away its presence in the forest.

A female Sulawesi Myzomela

Habitat and Distribution

As an endemic species, the Sulawesi Myzomela is found only on Sulawesi Island, part of Indonesia's Wallacea region. It inhabits a range of forest types, including:

Primary and secondary tropical moist lowland forests

Montane forests

Forest edges and degraded areas - This adaptability allows the species to persist even in habitats impacted by human activity, though it remains dependent on areas with sufficient flowering plants for nectar.

Diet and Behavior

True to its honeyeater family, the Sulawesi Myzomela primarily feeds on nectar, using its specialized tongue and curved bill to extract it from flowers. However, it also supplements its diet with insects and spiders, especially during breeding when protein needs are higher.

The bird is often observed flitting quickly between flowering trees, exhibiting territorial behavior by chasing away other nectar-feeding species. It plays an important role as a pollinator, contributing to the reproductive success of numerous native plants.

Breeding

Relatively little is known about the breeding behavior of the Sulawesi Myzomela, but like other honeyeaters, it likely builds cup-shaped nests in shrubs or trees. The female is responsible for incubating the eggs and may raise one or two chicks per season. More field research is needed to fully understand its reproductive biology.

Conservation Status

As of the latest IUCN Red List assessment, the Sulawesi Myzomela is classified as Least Concern (LC). This is due to its relatively wide distribution across Sulawesi and its presence in various habitat types. However, ongoing threats such as deforestation, logging, and habitat conversion for agriculture and development pose long-term risks.

Efforts to conserve the biodiversity of Sulawesi—including protected areas and community-based forest management—are crucial to ensuring the survival of this and many other endemic species.

Conclusion

The Sulawesi Myzomela is more than just a beautiful bird—it is a symbol of Sulawesi’s unique ecology and a reminder of the delicate balance within tropical ecosystems. Whether seen darting through the forest canopy or heard singing from afar, this vibrant honeyeater deserves more attention from scientists and conservationists alike.

Also read:

• Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher
• Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker
• Tangkoko Bird List
• Birding and Photo Tour in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland
• Wildlife Watching and Photography Tour in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland
• Birding and Photo Tour in Tangkoko, Mount Mahawu and Sonder's Farm Forest

The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis omissus)

Overview 

The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis omissus) is a vibrant passerine bird endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Belonging to the family Muscicapidae, this species is admired for its striking plumage and distinct, melodious call,bmaking it a cherished subject among birdwatchers and ornithologists.

Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher in the farm forest of Sonder in Minahasa highland of Indonesia

Identification

The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher is relatively small, typically measuring between 13–15 cm in length. It is instantly recognizable by:

• Bright cobalt-blue upperparts: Including the head, wings, and tail.

• Rich orange throat and chest: This bold coloring transitions into a pale, creamy yellow belly.

• Glossy black beak and eyes: Which contrast vividly with its colorful plumage.

• Sexual dimorphism: Males are more vividly colored than females, which are generally duller and may show more brownish tones.

This combination of colors makes the bird visually striking, especially against the lush green backdrop of its forest habitat.

Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher

Habitat and Range

This species is endemic to Sulawesi, an island known for its unique biodiversity. The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher inhabits:

• Highland and Montane forests
• Dense undergrowth and forest edges
• Altitudes from sea level to about 2,000 meters
• It relies heavily on well-preserved forests, although it may also be spotted in secondary forests or plantations with sufficient tree cover.

Behavior and Diet

The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher is an insectivorous bird, typically foraging alone or in pairs. It employs a typical flycatcher strategy:

• Sallying from perches to snatch flying insects
• Occasionally gleaning insects from foliage
• Its diet consists of flies, beetles, ants, and small arthropods
• It is often seen flitting through the lower to mid-levels of the forest, perching upright with quick, flicking tail movements.

Breeding

Little is known about the detailed breeding behavior of Cyornis omissus, but like other flycatchers:

• It likely nests in tree cavities, crevices, or dense foliage.
• The female is believed to be responsible for nest construction and incubation.
• Breeding season timing is thought to coincide with the region’s rainy season, when insect prey is abundant.

Conservation Status

As of now, the Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, but this status requires vigilance. Primary threats include:

• Deforestation for agriculture, logging, and mining
• Habitat fragmentation which isolates populations
• Lack of ecological data which limits effective conservation measures

Continued habitat monitoring and preservation of Sulawesi’s forests are critical to this species’ future.

Significance

The Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher is not only a beautiful and captivating bird but also an important part of Sulawesi’s unique avifauna. Its presence is an indicator of healthy forest ecosystems. Protecting it ensures the preservation of an entire web of life on this remarkable Indonesian island.

References:

• BirdLife International
• Handbook of the Birds of the World
• Local Indonesian conservation data

Also read:

• Birdwatching Tour at the Outskirts of Manado city
• Wildlife Watching and Photography Trip in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland of Indonesia
• Birding in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Mount Mahawu and Sonder's Farm Forest
• Butterfly watching in Sonder of Minahasa Highland
• Scaly-breasted Kingfisher
• Birds of Sulawesi

Sulawesi Crow (Corvus celebensis): The Bold and Brainy Corvid of Sulawesi

The Sulawesi Crow (Corvus celebensis) is one of Sulawesi’s most fascinating endemic birds. Known for its intelligence, adaptability, and loud calls, this bird is a standout among Indonesia’s diverse avifauna. Unlike the quieter and more elusive Corvus typicus, Corvus celebensis is a more social and conspicuous crow, often seen in pairs or flocks, especially in forest edges and secondary growth.

Sulawesi Crow

As birdwatching in Sulawesi gains popularity, the Sulawesi Crow is becoming a favorite among visiting ornithologists and birders alike.

• Sulawesi Crow at a Glance
• Scientific Name: Corvus celebensis
• Common Name: Sulawesi Crow
• Family: Corvidae
• Size: About 40–45 cm in length
• Endemic to: Sulawesi, Indonesia
• Conservation Status: Least Concern (IUCN) 

Physical Description and Behavior

The Sulawesi Crow has a sleek black appearance with a relatively stout body and strong, curved bill. Its glossy feathers often have a bluish sheen in bright light. The eyes are dark, and its overall structure is similar to other crows, but it carries a regional flair that birders find exciting.

This species is known for:

• Loud, varied vocalizations – from caws and clicks to mimicry
• Social behavior – often seen in small flocks or family groups
• High intelligence – a trait shared across the Corvidae family
• Versatile diet – includes fruits, insects, small animals, and even carrion 

Habitat and Distribution

Corvus celebensis is primarily found in lowland and montane forests, forest edges, and even agricultural areas. It thrives in both primary and secondary forest environments.

Best Birding Locations to Spot the Sulawesi Crow:

Sonder's Farm Forest in Minahasa regency - Sonder is a small subdistrict town in the highland of Minahasa that is surrounded by farmland, forest, small rivers and rice paddies. This abundant food has attracted the Sulawesi Crow as well as other tropical birds of Sulawesi to live there. 

Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve – While famous for tarsiers and hornbills, Tangkoko’s forest edges often reveal crows scavenging or calling from treetops. 

Why the Sulawesi Crow Matters

Corvids are known for their complex behaviors, tool use, and problem-solving abilities. The Sulawesi Crow adds a regional dimension to that legacy. As an endemic species, it plays a role in Sulawesi’s unique ecosystem dynamics and represents the evolutionary paths that have occurred on this biogeographically distinct island.

Although currently listed as Least Concern, ongoing deforestation and habitat fragmentation pose potential threats. Promoting ecotourism and responsible birding can help protect the Sulawesi Crow and its habitat.

Birding Tips to Observe Corvus celebensis

• Listen carefully – their calls are often heard before they are seen.
• Check the forest edge – crows often forage along trails and cleared areas.
• Use binoculars – they’re active and curious, but often stay high in trees.
• Be respectful – avoid disturbing their natural behavior for photos or recordings. 

Plan Your Birding Adventure

Whether you’re a seasoned birder or just starting, the Sulawesi Crow is a rewarding species to encounter. With its intelligence, distinct calls, and striking presence, Corvus celebensis is a reminder of why Sulawesi is a must-visit destination for birdwatchers.

If you are interested in visiting North Sulawesi region for your birdwatching and wildlife holidays, please, contact us by whatsapp to: +6281332245180 or by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com

Also read:

• Sulawesi Drongo
• Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove
• Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker
• Black-naped Oriole
• Zebra Dove
• Brown-throated Sunbird
• Sulawesi Hanging Parrot
• Sooty-headed Bulbul
• Warbling White-eye
• Scaly-breasted Kingfisher

Sulawesi Drongo in Sonder's Farm Forest of Minahasa Highland

This is the photograph of Sulawesi Drongo (Dicrurus montanus) that I saw in the farm forest of Sonder town in the highland of Minahasa regency of Indonesia. I saw this bird when ai was guiding a tourist from United Kingdom. We were walking on a concrete path through a clove plantation when we saw the bird sitting on a small branch of the clove tree.

Sulawesi Drongo in the farm forest of Sonder town in Minahasa highland

Drongo is considered a good friend of farmers because it eats insect for its diet. So, its function in a farm environment is a pest controller.

It did not make a lot of movements but I had to move closer several times and  change my position to get good angle for photographing this drongo. This endemic bird of Sulawesi island lives in mountainous region. It has got black feather with fork tail and dark red eye. 

Sonder is a small subdistrict town in Minahasa regency of Indonesia. It is surrounded by rice paddy, vegetable garden, plantations of clove, coconut, and other fruiting trees. It has got forest in higher elevation area. There are rivers that supports this agricultural land. Local farmers run fish farming, pig farming and poultry farming on the sides of these rivers. 

Sonder has got several interesting birdwatching sites. The farm forest in higher elevation or mountaineous region of Minahasa highland is the habitat of such birds as Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher, Sulawesi Myzomela, Sulawesi Bush Warbler, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Japanese White-eye, Black-crowned White-eye, Citrine Canary Flycatcher, Crimson Sunbird, and etc. 

In the small forest of Tounelet Slope, birdwatchers could see Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Black-naped Oriole, Pale Blue Monarch, Sulaweei Brush Cuckoo, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Chestnut Munia, Sahul Sunbird, Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon, and etc.

If you are interested in taking a birdwatching holiday in Sonder town, you need to fly to Manado city which is the capital of North Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. We could meet you at the airport and organize your birdwatching trip to various birding sites in Sonder town and other areas of North Sulawesi.

For more information, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Also read:

• Wildlife Photography Tour in Tangkoko Nature Reserve and Minahasa Highland
• Hiking Tour and Birdwatching in Minahasa
• Butterflywatching in Subdistrict Sonder of Minahasa
• Birding and Butterflywatching in Sonder of Minahasa
• Birding and Photography Tour in North Sulawesi

Sultan Cuckoo-dove or Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove?

This is the picture of, according to Wikipedia, Sultan's Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia doreya).

In Sulawesi island, it is called Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia doreya albicapilla) which is a subspecies. 

In the book entitled Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and the Wallacea, the bird is called Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia albicapilla).

Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia d. albicapilla)

Still from Wikipedia, in 2016, the bird with the name Slender-billed Cuckoo-dove is split into several species. It has createe confusion among birding guides and birdwatchers who are traveling in the region where the bird exist, i.e. Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku, New Guinea (West Papua and PNG) and Northern Australia. 

on the page about Slender-billed Cuckoo-dove, it says that this species has been spit into the following species:

• Brown Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia phasianela) of eastern Australia
• Amboyna Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia amboinensis) of eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
• Sultan Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia doreya) of Sulawesi and the Northern Moluccas

Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia d. albicapilla)

Previously, in 2003, the Ruddy Cuckoo-dove (Macropygia emiliana) found in Indonesia, Brunei and Malaysia was split from the Slender-billed Cuckoo-dove. 

I took the above pictures of Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove in Sonder of Minahasa highland of Indonesia. Although Sonder town has not been famous as destination for birders, it is worth visiting by visitors who are interested in exploring new places for birding in Sulawesi island. 

There are a lot of birds that we could watch in Sonder town, as well as its surrounding forest and farmland. They include: Sulawesi Myzomela, Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker, Crimson Sunbird, Japanese White-eye or Warbling White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), Black-crowned White-eye, Snowy-browed Flycatcher, Citrine Canary Flycatcher, Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher, Sahul Sunbird, Brown-throated Sunbird, Black Sunbird, Black-naped Oriole, Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove, Superb Fruit-dove, Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon, Collared Kingfisher, Sulawesi Brush Cuckoo, Barred Rail, Isabelline Bush-hen, White-browed Crake, Cinnamon Bittern, Cattle Egret, Little Egret, Purple Heron, Javan Pond Heron, Brahminy Kite, Lesser Fish Eagle, Black Kite, Sulawesi Goshawk, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Black-faced Munia, Chestnut Munia, Scaly-breasted Munia, Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Pygmy Hanging Parrot, Sulawesi Bushwarbler,  Barn Swallow, Edible-nest (White-nest Swiftlet), Glossy Swiftlet, Hair-crested Drongo (white eye), Sulawesi Drongo, etc. 

Sonder town is surrounded by rice paddy, farmland and hill forest

I usually include Subdistrict Sonder in 1 week birdwatching or wildlife watching/ photography tour across North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia covering Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Temboan Hill, Naun River, Man-made Lake, Tomohon, Mount Mahawu, Lake Linow, Tounelet Slope of Sonder, Sonder's Hill, Sonder' Rice Paddy, and Kengkang Waterfall. 

This birdwatching tour in Minahasa Peninsula, could be combined with butterfly watching, sightseeing, farm tour or even a snorkeling and swimming tour in Bunaken islands. 

If you are interested in visiting Minahasa Peninsula in North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia to enjoy this nature tour, you need to fly to Manado city. For more info, please, contact me by e-mail to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180.  

Also read:

• Wildlife Watching and Photography Tour in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland
• Birding Tour in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Mount Mahawu and Sonder's Farm Forest
• Flower Tour in Minahasa Highland

Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker

This is the photograph of Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker (Yungipicus temminckii) that I saw in the farm forest (elevation approx. 1,000 meters above sea level) of Subdistrict Sonder in Minahasa regency of Indonesia. I made this picture using my old telephoto camera Fujifilm HS50EXR. At that time, I was doing an exploratory birding walk in higher elevation forest of Minahasa. This small bird landed on a trunk of a tall tree near the road side

A male Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker

The male has got red naped patch. The female one does not have the red patch. I also saw the Sulawesk Pygmy Woodpecker. Barring and white spots one the back of the bird can be used to identify the bird. Woodpecker has got strong beak which it uses to drill the trunk or branch of a tree to dislodge insects. 

A female Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker in Tounelet slope forest of Sonder town

Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker often visits the small forest that stand along the slope of Tounelet village in Sonder town of Minahasa regency.

Sonder is a small subdistrict town in Minahasa regency of Indonesia. It is surrounded by rice paddy, hills, farmland and forest. It is has got a few birdwatching sites for visitors to explore. 

Sonder town in Minahasa regency of Indonesia

A lot of birds could be watched there including: Ashy Woodpecker, Sulawesi Myzomela, Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Pygmy Hanging Parrot, Black-naped Oriole, Pale Blue Monarch, Black-naped Oriole, Sulawesi Cuckoo-dove, Superb Fruit-dove, White-faced Cuckoo-dove, Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon, Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher, Sulawesi Bush-warbler, Black-crowned White-eye, Japanese White-eye, White-breasted Woodswallow, Collared Kingfisher, White-browed Crake, Cattle Egret, Little Egret, Purple Heron, Isabeline Bush-hen, and etc. 

As a tourist guide, I offer a birding tour program for visitors who are interested in watching birds of Sulawesi in Minahasa Peninsula of Indonesia. The duration of this North Sulawesi birding tour is 7 days/ 6 nights covering Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Naun River, Temboan Hill, Tomohon, Lake Linow, Mount Mahawu, Sonder Farm Forest and Rice Paddy.

Visitors who are interested in taking this birdwatching tour need to fly to Manado city which is the Capital of North Sulawesi of Indonesia. 

To book your tour, please, contact me by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Also read:

• Birding in Tangkoko, Mount Mahawu and Sonder's Farm Forest
• Wildlife Watching Tour in Tangkoko and Minahasa Highland
• Where is Minahasa and How to get there?